Project 56: Scientific Computing Environments (previously "Specification of Knowledge Bases for numerical software") Argonne 1986: ============= Ford described the development and proposed use of a knowledge base within the GLIM/IKBS project X (GUM 3.77 is a widely-used statistical package written in Fortran allowing interactive/batch use and including graphics, an information system and a macro facility as well as broad statistical facilities). The knowledge base is written in Prolog. The problems of interfacing the Fortran program with the Prolog front-end were briefly examined. The potential value to statisticians of different ability and backgrounds in using such knowledge base was discussed. The Student project of Gale and Pregibon (AT&T, Murray Hill, New Jersey) was referred to. The purpose of the project is investigation and the development of a statistical knowledge base by consideration of examples in a chosen statistical area. The relevance of these two projects to the ultimate preparation of knowledge bases in numerical mathematics for use in scientific and technical computing was examined and supported. The work of Gaffney in the development of NEXUS and of Cryer in the development of NAXpert was described. The need of extensive subprogram selection flow charts was recognized. These were compiled by subject specialists. The value of the wide availability of such tables for general use was agreed. Rice presented and discussed two projects in the field of expert systems for numerical software. The work of W. Dyksen and M. Atalloh (Purdue University) was described. A working "advisor" for the ELLPACK system exists and will be expanded. The plans for a more elaborate "Elliptic-Expert" system were outlined. Como 1987: ========== Ford: For sound numerical algorithms to be adopted and used in large programs and problem solving environments in the future, there will be the need to provide a knowledge base for selection amongst the algorithms and information on how to use the algorithms, along with the software. Several issues require consideration: - languages of representation of knowledge base, - specification of problem types within each numerical area, - selection of algorithms and their preparation in language versions, - realization of knowledge, fuzzy knowledge and instinctive hunches for numerical areas considered, and - representation of "knowledge" in rules. This is a major activity that involves the voluntary input of tens of analysts and computer scientists. A major technical problem to be solved is how to update a knowledge base once is is created. But if software is to be used, it must be re- usable, including a knowledge base to support it. Gaffney mentioned that he was involved with two data bases, one for special functions (see 5.1) and the other one for ODEs. Chatelin said that in the software she described earlier (see 5.8) a decision tree was part of the user interface. Use of expert and AI systems in situations requiring dynamic (real time) changes in approaches was also discussed (Gaffney, Bercovier, Hull, Reid) ----------- ICIAM Mini-symposium on Expert and Knowledge Based Systems for Scientific Computing. Ford informed WG 2.5 about the four talks on problem solving environments for scientific computing that comprised the ICIAM mini-symposium on "Expert and Knowledge Based Systems for Scientific Computing". The mini-symposium was held on Friday, 3rd July 1987. The presentations were: "GLIMPSE a Statistical Expert System" (Nelder), "ELLIPTIC Expert: An Expert System for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations" (Dyksen), "NEXUS - Towards a Problem Solving Environment (PSE) for Scientific Computing" (Gaffney), and "Knowledge-Based Interface for Mathematical Software" (Cryer). Stanford 1988: ============== B. Ford, reported on the activities connected with this project. He said that NAG was very interested in developing knowledge bases for scientific computing, and that, so far, about 81 man-years have been invested into the project. He discussed a number of points relating to the development of knowledge bases. For example, updating of such bases, the problematics of different languages and representations (e.g. Lisp, Prolog), and the nature of different application software, i.e. open systems (libraries such as NAG and IMSL) vs. closed systems (packages such as SAS, GENSTAT, SPSS, GLIM). It was noted that currently there are not may knowledge bases available, but that the need for such data bases is continuously growing. (Paul. Bercovier, Feldman. Vouk). ICIAM, 1991. ----------- B. Ford, reported on the ongoing preparations for the second ICIAM meeting in June 1991 (Washington, D.C.). There was considerable interest in the first mini-symposia organized by WG 2.5 in conjunction with the first ICIAM meeting in Paris (Expert and Knowledge Based Systems for Scientific Computing, and FORTRAN 8X). Discussion followed (Reid. Rice, Fosdick). Jerusalem 1990: =============== The project status was changed from "active" to "pending closure" (Rice). E. Houstis will prepare closing report and talk on the project for next meeting. Oxford 1996: =========== This will remain active, Ford and Gaffney will prepare a descriptive paragraph. Clarify comment and put WG 2.5 plus other references in the documents list. Add Pool to people list Purdue 1999: ============ Gaffney made a presentation where he advocated the broadening of the mandate of this activity. Using an example from the automobile industry he showed that the environments that are developed must include visualisation tools (as the `glue') and must support technology transfer activities (including `marketing'). Portland 2002: ============== Gaffney's Technical talk "Optimization from a Java interface - Numerical methods framework" at the WG meeting can be considered to be a report on some activities related to this project Strobl 2003: ============ Web Services: Putting Mathematics On The Net -------------------------------------------- Ford presented a survey of the evolution and development of standards and formats for communicating and understanding mathematics on the web. The key technologies that make this possible were identified and discussed and the progress toward establishing standards reviewed. The roles of MathML, OpenMath and OMDOC were discussed and related research and development projects identified. Washington 2004: ================ Ford's talk "Numerical Algorithms for Posterity" in the Workshop can be considered to be a report on an example of recent activity in this area. Hong Kong 2005: =============== The theme of WoCo9 will relate to this project. Prescott 2006: ============== The theme of WoCo9 was related to this project. Uppsala 2007: ============= This project was the theme of WoCo9 "Grid-based Problem Solving Environments: Implications for Development and Deployment of Numerical Software" and the groups activity in this area is reflected in the proceedings now available from Springer. There was a discussion of a possible follow-up meeting. Several members asked that their names be added as participants in this project. Toronto 2008: ============= This project is still an active area of interest of several members. Vouk's technical talk "Cloud Computing - Implications for Numerical Computing" can be viewed as a report on one aspect of this project. Vouk agreed to update the paragraph describing the recent focus of the project. Raleigh 2009: ============= This project is still an active area of interest of several members. Although there was no report on this project, Vouk agreed to provide an updated paragraph describing its focus. Leuven 2010: ============ Mladen Vouk made a short presentation. The technical talk by Kawata "Recent activities in Problem-Solving Environment (PSE) collaboration" was an important contribution. Boulder 2011: ============= This project is still an active area of interest of several members. Kawata was added to the list of active participants. Vouk suggested that related work on `Workflows' is relevant to this project and he agreed to update the project description to reflect this issue. Santander 2012: =============== There was no report on this project although it remains an area of interest for several members. Shanghai 2013: ============== The presentation "Smart City Models and Applications" by Wu Shang is available as http://conf.shu.edu.cn/disd2013/ppt/8-2/3-WuZhang.pdf The presentation "On Data Intensive Approach to Trustworthy Clouds" by Mladen Vouk is available as http://conf.shu.edu.cn/disd2013/ppt/8-3/8-Vouk.pdf Vienna 2014: ============ Vouk will provide an updated report for this project. Halifax 2015: ============= The following papers summarize activities in this project: Ilkay Altintas, Oscar Barney, Zhengang Cheng, Terence Critchlow, Bertram Ludaescher, Steve Parker, Arie Shoshani and Mladen Vouk, "Accelerating the scientific exploration process with scientific workflows," presented at SciDAC 2006, published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series 46 (2006), 468-478, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/46/1/065 Mouallem, P. and Vouk.M., "Fault Tolerance and Reliability in Scientific Workflows,", Proc. of ETFS 2006 - International Workshop on Engineering of Fault-Tolerant Software, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, 12-13 June 2006, pp.27-41. M. A. Vouk, I. Altintas R. Barreto, J. Blondin, Z.Cheng, T. Critchlow, A. Khan, S. Klasky, J. Ligon, B. Ludaescher, P. A. Mouallem, S. Parker, N. Podhorszki, A. Shoshani, C. Silva,, "Automation of Network-Based Scientific Workflows,", Proc. of the IFIP WoCo 9 on Grid-based Problem Solving Environments: Implications for Development and Deployment of Numerical Software, IFIP WG 2.5 on Numerical Software, Prescott, AZ, 2006, printed in IFIP, Vol 239, "Grid-Based Problem Solving Environments," eds. Gaffney PW and Pool JCT (Boston: Springer), pp. 35-61, 2007. Arie Shoshani, Ilkay Altintas, Alok Choudhary, Terence Critchlow, Chandrika Kamath, Bertram Ludäher, Jarek Nieplocha, Steve Parker, Rob Ross, agiza Samatova, Mladen Vouk , "SDM Center Technologies for Accelerating Scientific Discoveries," presented at the SciDac 2007, Dec 2007, published in Journal of Physics, Conference Series 78, paper # 012068, 5 pages. Bertram Ludaescher, Ilkay Altintas, Shawn Bowers, Juian Cummings, Terence Critchlow, Ewa Deelman, David De Roure, Juliana Freire, Carole Goble, Matthew Jones, Scott Klasky, Timorthy McPhillips, Norber Pdohorszki, Claudio Silva, Ian Taylor, Mladen Vouk, “Scientific Process Automation and Workflow Management, Chapter 13 in Scientific Data management - Challenges, Technology and Deployment, Editors: Arie Shoshani and Doron Rotem, CRC Press, 2010, pp, 467-507. R. Tchoua, S. Klasky, N. Podhorszki, B. Grimm, A. Khan, E. Santos, C. Silva, P. Mouallem and M. Vouk, "Collaborative Monitoring and Analysis for Simulation Scientists," CTS 2010, ISBN 978-1-4244-6620-7, pp. 235-244, 2010. P. Mouallem, D. Crawl, I. Altintas, M. Vouk and U. Yildiz. "A Fault-Tolerance Architecture for Kepler-based Distributed Scientific Workflows". SSDBM 2010, LNCS 6187, pp. 452-460, June 2010. Vouk M. and Mouallem P., "On High-Assurance Scientific Workflows," IEEE 13th Conference on High Assurance Systems Engineering 2011, Boca Raton, November 2011, pp. 73-82. Patrick Dreher, Mladen A. Vouk, "Utilizing Open Source Cloud Computing Environments to Provide Cost Effective Support for University Education and Research," in "Cloud Computing for Teaching and Learning: Strategies for Design and Implementation," IGI Global, Editor Li Chao, 2012, pp 32-49. Valencia 2019: ============== Related publications by Shigeo Kawata: (*) 2-dimensional fluid code development: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2019.03.003 (*) Application of the 2-D fluid code to physics in nuclear fusion: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43221-7 (*) Shigeo Kawata, Chapter 052: "Computer Assisted Parallel Program Generation" , in a book of advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Artificial Intelligence, Computer Simulation and Human-Computer Interaction, October, 2018, Publisher: IGI Global Online Meeting 2020: ==================== short update by Shigeo Kawata: https://wg25.taa.univie.ac.at/ifip/intern/PSE_SCEactivitybySKawataAugust2020.pdf Meeting 2022: ============= short update by Shigeo Kawata: (*) Collaboration started with 3-D fluid code application on inertial confinement fusion with Shanghai Jiao Tong University. (*) Under preparation of a text for computational plasma physics.